The Chip That Made Hardware Rewriteable
The Chip That Made Hardware Rewriteable

Many of the world’s most advanced electronic systems—including Internet routers, wireless base stations, medical imaging scanners, and some artificial intelligence tools—depend on field-programmable gate arrays. Computer chips with internal hardware c…

How Engineers Kick-Started the Scientific Method
How Engineers Kick-Started the Scientific Method

In 1627, a year after the death of the philosopher and statesman Francis Bacon, a short, evocative tale of his was published. The New Atlantis describes how a ship blown off course arrives at an unknown island called Bensalem. At its heart stands Salo…

ENIAC, the First General-Purpose Digital Computer, Turns 80
ENIAC, the First General-Purpose Digital Computer, Turns 80

Happy 80th anniversary, ENIAC! The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, the first large-scale, general-purpose, programmable electronic digital computer, helped shape our world.On 15 February 1946, ENIAC—developed in the Moore School of Elect…

How Robert Goddard’s Self-Reliance Crashed His Rocket Dreams
How Robert Goddard’s Self-Reliance Crashed His Rocket Dreams

There’s a moment in John Williams’s Star Wars overture when the brass surges upward. You don’t just hear it; you feel propulsion turning into pure possibility.On 16 March 1926, in a snow-dusted field in Auburn, Mass., Robert Goddard created an earlier…